Physical risks refer to the potential impact on a company of event-driven (acute) or longer-term shifts (chronic) in climate patterns. This includes risks associated with extreme weather events such as hurricanes, wildfires, extreme rainfall, droughts, and sea-level changes, which can have destructive effects on industries such as agriculture and infrastructure. Additionally, physical risks encompass threats to the functioning of firm assets, such as real estate and industrial plants, due to flooding, storms, and excessive temperatures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) expects these physical risks to increase over time as the severity of climate change impacts becomes more pronounced.