Best-in-class or positive screening involves selecting, for each investment sector, the assets with the most positive scores on relevant environmental, social, and governance ESG criteria. An aggregate ESG score may be determined based on combinations of single factors by a third party. External ESG scores can be used to obtain a proxy for a company’s ESG performance through a standardized system and, as such, can prove useful for asset managers or asset owners with a limited understanding of how to design their own selection criteria based on various sustainability factors. Positive screening is based on more objective criteria than negative screening, since there are now rating agencies producing ESG scores based on an aggregation of factors. However, there is still a great lack of convergence between the ratings of the various rating agencies. Source: Le Sourd and Martellini (2021).